Сборник от юбилейната научна конференция с международно участие „Животновъдната наука – предизвикателства и иновации”,
6 – 7 ноември 2025, София
ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), ИЖН - Костинброд
ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), ИЖН - Костинброд
Proceedings of Anniversary Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”,
6 – 7 November 2025, Sofia
ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), IAS- Kostinbrod
ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), IAS- Kostinbrod
To the full text of the Proceedings of Anniversary Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 6 – 7 November 2025, Sofia
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Съдържание
Contents
Animal nutrition and physiology. Veterinary medicine
Tu Trung Kien, Tu Quang Hien, Mai Anh Khoa, Tu Quang Trung
THE EGG PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF THE HEN FROM BACKCROSS BETWEEN LUONG PHUONG ROOSTER AND ITS
OFFSPRING
Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the egg production performance of F2 hens from backcross between Luong Phuong (LP) rooster and its offspring. The experiment included 4 treatments (T), namely T1: hybrid hens of F1(♂LPx♀C), T2: hybrid hens of F1(♂Cx♀LP), T3 backcross hens of F2(♂LPx♀LPC), and of F2(♂LPx♀CLP); which were abbreviated as F1LPC, F1CLP, F2LPxLPC and F2LPxCLP, respectively. Each experiment had 30 hens, replicated 3 times, and ended after 40 weeks of laying. T1 and T2 were arranged to compare the result of F2 backcross hens with F1 hybrid hens. Hens of all treatments were fed libitum with a complete mixed feed for laying hens, with the same care and feeding regime. Feed had metabolic energy of 2750 kcal/kg, protein ratio of 17% for all treatments. Results showed that the F2LPxLPC and F2LPxCLP backcross hens had a laying rate of 48.21 and 50.17%; the egg productivity after 40 weeks of laying was 135.0 and 141.0 eggs/hen; the feed consumption for producing 10 eggs was 2.59 and 2.48 kg. These indicators were significantly improved compared to F1 hens. Egg indicators such as egg weight, yolk and albumen weight were significantly larger than F1 hens. The hatching egg parameters were also improved compared to those of F1 hens, but the difference was not statistically significant. The above indicators of the reciprocal backcross hens (F2LPxCLP) were all better than those of the main backcross hens (F2LPxLPC).
Citation: Kien, T.T., Hien, T.Q., Khoa, M.A., Trung, T.Q. (2025). The Egg Production Performance of the Hen From Backcross Between Luong Phuong Rooster and Its Offspring. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), er 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 2-9
Tu Trung Kien, Tu Quang Hien, Mai Anh Khoa, Tu Quang Trung
EFFECTS OF DIETARY ENERGY LEVELS ON THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED BROILER CHOI AND LUONG PHUONG CHICKENS
Abstract: TThe purpose of this experiment is to determine effects of metabolizable energy levels in the diet on
the production performance of Choi x Luong Phuong hybrid broilers, and on that basis to select an
appropriate energy level. The experiment included three treatments corresponding to three different
metabolizable energy levels in the diet. The energy levels of treatment 1, 2 and 3 (T1; T2 and T3)
were 2900 – 3000, 3000 - 3100 and 3100 - 3200 kcal/kg of feed, respectively, corresponding to
two stages 1 - 28 and 29 - 98 days old. The protein ratio in the diet of all three treatments was 20%
and 18% for the two periods. The experiment was conducted with 270 1-day-old unsexed chickens,
divided equally among three treatments; each treatment had 10 chickens with 9 replicates. The
experiment ended when the chickens were 98 days old. The results show that the weight at 98 days
old of T1, T2 and T3 were 1967g, 2084g and 2143g/head, respectively; the FCR of T1, T2 and T3
were 3.34, 3.10 and 2.97 kg, respectively; feed cost for 1kg of weight gain of T1, T2 and T3 were
100%, 101.3% and 106.4%, respectively. Slaughter criteria and meat chemical composition were
not significantly different among treatments, ex cept for abdominal fat and lipid in meat. The body
weight of T2 was larger than T1 and the FCR of T2 was less than T1 with a significant difference,
but these indicators of T2 were not remarkably different from T3. Meanwhile, the feed cost for
weight gain of T2 was lower than that of T3 but unsignificantly different from that of T1. Therefore,
the metabolizable energy level of T2 was considered appropriate.
Citation: Kien, T. T., Hien, T. Q., Khoa, M. A., & Trung, T. Q. (2025). Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on the Production Performance of Crossbred Broiler Choi and Luong Phuong Chickens. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 10-21
Vasco Cadavez, Lucas Silva, Ursula Gonzales-Barron
PIF-AGENT: AUDITABLE AI FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL PATTERN DETECTION IN THE PATHOGENS-IN-FOODS DATABASE
Abstract: The open-access Pathogens-in-Foods (PIF) database compiles occurrence data for microbiological
hazards in foods from systematic reviews of the scientific literature. Records are stored with
harmonised fields and controlled vocabularies aligned with EFSA catalogues and the FAIR
principles for scientific data management, and they undergo systematic quality checks to ensure
consistency, conformity and completeness. This structure allows transparent extraction of
prevalence and, when available, concentration estimates that can support microbiological risk
assessment, priority setting and risk communication. However, answering practical questions from
risk assessors and risk managers often requires several iterative steps: filtering the database,
checking data quality, generating visualisations, running meta-analyses and summarising results
in an interpretable form. These tasks are time-consuming when performed manually and may be
difficult to reproduce. This paper describes the PIF Data Analyst Toolbox and PIF-Agent, an
integrated system that combines a curated occurrence database, interactive analytics and an
auditable artificial-intelligence layer for pattern detection. The toolbox provides cascading global
filters, data-quality checks, visual analytics and random-effects meta-analysis of prevalence. PIFAgent builds on this layer by using a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) stack with a vector
database and tool-using large language model to perform semantic search, harmonise terms,
generate explainable summaries grounded in quantitative outputs and highlight data gaps. All
agent actions are logged together with dataset versions, filters and analysis parameters, ensuring
traceability and human-in-the-loop validation. We present the overall architecture and illustrative
analytical scenarios and outline ongoing work on anomaly and change-point detection to support
prospective alerting.
Citation: Cadavez, V., Silva, L., & Gonzales-Barron, U. (2025). PIF-Agent: Auditable AI for Microbiological Pattern Detection in the Pathogens-in-Foods Database. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 22–28.
Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska, Vesna Levkov
FERMENTED FOODS AS DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR HEALTH-PROMOTING MICROORGANISMS
Abstract: Fermented foods are biologically dynamic matrices shaped by complex microbial consortia,
predominantly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), bifidobacteria, and yeast species, whose metabolic
activity directly influences the human gut microbiome. This brief review delves into the
microbiological mechanisms by which fermented foods contribute to gut homeostasis and
functional resilience. Fermentation processes improve the bioavailability of essential nutrients,
reduce anti-nutritional factors, and increase antioxidant properties. While fermented foods can
contain probiotics, official classification requires that they meet strict criteria, including strainlevel identification, genome sequencing, and proven health benefits through clinical studies.
Regular consumption is important, as most probiotic strains from fermented foods are
allochthonous and do not permanently colonize the gut. Despite their benefits, some probiotic
strains may carry antibiotic resistance genes, raising safety concerns. In contrast, postbiotics—nonliving microbial metabolites—are emerging as safer, more stable alternatives, offering a wide range of health benefits without the risks associated with live microorganisms. Recognizing fermented
foods as microbial delivery systems with strain-specific functionalities opens avenues for precision
nutrition and therapeutic modulation of the microbiota. Future research should prioritize genomic
and metabolomic profiling of fermented food-derived strains, host–microbe interaction modeling,
and controlled trials to determine long-term ecological shifts and health outcomes.
Citation: Atanasova-Pancevska, N., & Levkov, V. (2025). Fermented Foods as Delivery Systems for Health-Promoting Microorganisms. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 29–38.
Здравко Петков
Zdravko Petkov
ВЪЗМОЖНОСТИ ЗА ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА НЯКОИ ФОРМИ ЧЕРНИЦА (MORUS SPP)
POSSIBILITIES FOR USING SOME FORMS OF MULBERRY (MORUS SPP)
Abstract: Since the larvae of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) are feed only on mulberry leaves, the
profitability of sericulture is significantly influenced by the availability of high-quality leaves
from promising mulberry genotypes. The fodder base of sericulture depends on the proper use
of mulberry and the introduction of new high-yielding varieties. The present study was
conducted with the aim of analysing some promising mulberry forms for further use in breeding
programs and for direct implementation in prаctice. The highest survival rate was observed for
genotypes F10, F1, F4 and F3 - 48.90%, 46.10%, 44.0% and 35.5%, respectively. Some of the
studied forms are characterized by relatively high economic and selection traits. The strongest
growth was recorded for F9 - 125.5 cm, followed by F5 - 126.1 cm and F10 - 113.7 cm. F2,
F10, F9 and F1 forms had the largest leaves. The leaves of F3, F10 and F4 forms are
characterized by the highest dry matter content, and the best rooting is observed for F1 cuttings.
Based on the complex evaluation and character ranking, F10, F9 and F4 were determined as the
most promising genotypes, followed by F1, F3 and F6. It is recommended that genotypes F10,
F9 and F4 have to pass station testing of their productivity and nutritional quality of the leaves
and subsequently their future distribution in practice
Citation: Petkov, Z. (2025). Possibilities for Using Some Forms of Mulberry (Morus spp.). Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 39–46.
Ивайло Георгиев, Свилен Лазаров
IIvaylo Georgiev, Svilen Lazarov
ПРОЛЕТНО РАЗВИТИЕ НА ПЧЕЛНИ СЕМЕЙСТВА (APIS MELLIFERA L.) ПРИ ПОДХРАНВАНЕ С РАЗЛИЧНИ ИЗТОЧНИЦИ НА ПРОТЕИН
DEVELOPMENT OF HONEY BEE COLONIES (APIS MELLIFERA L.) AFTER FEEDING WITH DIFFERENT PROTEIN SOURCES
Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different protein sources on the spring
development of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.). The experiment was conducted in a
mid-mountain area at 750 m above sea level under specific climatic conditions characterized
by unusually low temperatures for the season, which resulted in extensive damage to the
flowering plants. Consequently, the bee colonies experienced a critical shortage of nectar and
honey stores, providing a natural model to assess their response under nutritional stress. The
study involved 28 colonies divided into seven groups (one control and six experimental).
Supplementary feeding for the experimental groups included diets containing soy protein
isolate (Glycine max), brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), spirulina (Arthrospira
platensis), pea protein (Pisum sativum), bee-collected pollen (a mixture of pollens from various
plant species), and a combined feed. The control group received only a carbohydrate mixture
(sugar and inverted syrup) without a protein component. Feeding was carried out over six weeks
(March–April 2025), with monitoring of sealed honey, pollen, sealed brood, and colony
strength. Although statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between groups (p
> 0.05), clear biological trends were observed, reflecting the influence of different protein
sources on colonies development. Colonies fed with brewer’s yeast produced the largest amount
of brood (29 325 cells) and exhibited the highest average daily queen oviposition (815
eggs/day). Colonies receiving soy protein isolate showed the highest honey consumption (3.916 kg) and increased colony strength. Colonies fed with bee-collected pollen demonstrated a
stabilizing effect with low within-group variation and a compensatory role during periods of
scarcity. These results confirm the potential of protein supplements as alternative nutritional
sources to stimulate colony development in spring, particularly under conditions of limited
natural resources.
Citation: Georgiev, I., & Lazarov, S. (2025). Spring Development of Honey Bee Colonies (Apis mellifera L.) After Feeding with Different Protein Sources. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 47–60.
Асен Николов, Надежда Сертова, Мая Игнатова
Asen Nikolov, Nadezhda Sertova, Maya Ignatova
РАЗВИТИЕ НА ФУРАЖНА ЦАРЕВИЦА СЛЕД ИЗКУСТВЕНО КОНТАМИНИРАНЕ НА ЗДРАВИ И МЕХАНИЧНО УВРЕДЕНИ СЕМЕНА
С РАЗЛИЧНИ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ФУМОНИЗИН
DEVELOPMENT OF FEED CORN AFTER ARTIFICIAL INOCULATION OF HEALTHY AND MECHANICALLY DAMAGE SEEDS WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF FUMONISIN
Abstract: Fumonisins are secondary toxic metabolites produced in feed grain by pathogenic fungi of the
genus Fussarium spp. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of Fusarium toxins on
the development and yield of maize after artificial inoculation of healthy and mechanically
damaged seeds for sowing with fumonisin at concentrations of 1 mg/l, 3 mg/l and 9 mg/l. A field
experiment was conducted with corn variety "KN 509", which was sown in April 2024 in eight
variants in three replications. The results show that in corn contaminated with fumonisin at a
concentration of 9 mg/l, germination is reduced by 33%, and at lower concentrations than this,
germination is maintained at 100%. Fumonisin has a negative impact on corn grain yield, with the
most significant impact at concentration of 9 mg/l. Corn plants sprouted from healthy seeds have
significantly higher average height, average weight and yield compared to plants sprouted from
mechanically damaged seeds.
Citation: Nikolov, A., Sertova, N., & Ignatova, M. (2025). Development of Feed Corn After Artificial Inoculation with Fumonisin. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 61–65.
Елена Станчева, Тончо Пенев, Гергана Бачевска, Димо Димов
Elena Stancheva, Toncho Penev, Gergana Iotova, Dimo Dimov
ПРОУЧВАНЕ В МЛЕЧНИ ГОВЕДОВЪДНИ ФЕРМИ ЗА СУБКЛИНИЧНА ХИПОКАЛЦЕМИЯ ПРИ КРАВИ
ASSESSMENT OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOCALCEMIA IN COWS ON DAIRY FARMS
Abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the concentration of ionized calcium (Ca²⁺) in dairy cows
during the early postpartum period and to investigate its relationship with subclinical hypocalcemia
as an early indicator of metabolic disorders. The study included four farms with cows from first to
fourth lactation, showing no visible signs of disease. Ca²⁺ concentration was determined from blood
samples collected from the tail vein at three time points – immediately after calving, at 12 hours,
and at 24 hours – using a portable ionometer LAQUAtwin Ca-11C. The data were statistically
processed using mean, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation. On Farms 1, 2, and 4, Ca²⁺
concentrations were below the physiological range, whereas on Farm 3 they reflected a normal
calcium balance. This demonstrates that decreased ionized calcium can be detected before the
appearance of clinical symptoms and confirms that Ca²⁺ is a sensitive and reliable biomarker for
the early diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcemia, with timely measurement enabling preventive
interventions and optimization of health, productivity, and reproductive performance in dairy cows.
Citation: Stancheva, E., Penev, T., Iotova, G., & Dimov, D. (2025). Assessment of Subclinical Hypocalcemia in Cows on Dairy Farms. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 66–77.
Костадин Кънчев, Иван Янчев, Никола Методиев, Мая Игнатова
Kostadin Kanchev, Ivan Yanchev, Nikola Metodiev, Maya Ignatova
ЕНДОПАРАЗИТЕН СТАТУС НА ОВЦЕФЕРМИ С МЛЕЧНО НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ ОТ СОФИЙСКИ И ПЕРНИШКИ РЕГИОНИ
ENDOPARASITIC STATUS OF DAIRY SHEEP FARMS FROM SOFIA AND PERNIK REGIONS
Abstract: A study was conducted on thе endoparasites carrier in dairy sheep farms from Sofia and Pernik
regions of Bulgaria. Areas at different altitudes were covered. Using conventional
parasitological techniques, the type and rate of infection of sheep parasites were determined.
Infestations with nematodes, representatives of gastrointestinal and pulmonary strongyles were
found. After analyzing the data, conclusions and recommendations for veterinary practice were
formulated.
Citation: Kanchev, K., Yanchev, I., Metodiev, N., & Ignatova, M. (2025). Endoparasitic Status of Dairy Sheep Farms from Sofia and Pernik Regions. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 78–87.
Дима Ангелова, Цветелина Николова, Вера Петрова
Dima Angelova, Tsvetelina Nikolova, Vera Petrova
ПРОУЧВАНЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕТО НА АТРАКТАНТА БИОПОЛИН ВЪРХУ ГРАХ И ПОВЕДЕНИЕТО НА ПЧЕЛИ, КАТО ОПРАШИТЕЛИ
STUDYING THE ACTION OF THE ATTRACTANT BIOPOLIN ON PEAS AND THE BEHAVIOR OF BEES AS POLLINATORS
Abstract: As part of project NIS-B-1331, “Study of ecological and agrotechnological aspects of cultivating
agricultural products and bees in an urban environment,” a series of studies were conducted on the
pea variety Meteor. The aim of the research was to test a crop independent of cross-pollination and
to assess the benefits of the attractant Biopolin in attracting pollinating insects. Meteorological
conditions were monitored, focusing mainly on minimum and maximum temperatures and the
amount of precipitation during the development period of garden peas. The results showed favorable weather conditions, slight attraction of insects, an increase in the number of flowers and
pods, larger pod size, and a higher number of seeds per pod. In the treated plants, yield increased
as a result of the use of the attractant Biopolin
Citation: Angelova, D., Nikolova, T., & Petrova, V. (2025). Studying the Action of the Attractant Biopolin on Peas and the Behavior of Bees as Pollinators. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 88–96.
Ecology and quality of animal production
Ursula Gonzales-Barron, Yara Loforte, Vasco Cadavez
MODELLING THE GROWTH OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN A MILK MODEL DURING FERMENTATION
Abstract: Previous research showed that strains of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from goat’s raw milk cheeses – Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Loigolactobacillus coryniformis – exhibited promising antilisterial activity and acidification properties. The objectives of the present study was twofold: (1) to determine whether the initial pH of heat-treated reconstituted milk (HTRM, as a fermenting milk model medium to produce cheese) affects the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes, in monoculture and coculture with each of the LAB strains; and (2) to quantify and compare the capacity of the LAB strains to inhibit L. monocytogenes in the same milk model. Challenge tests were conducted in HTRM adjusted to three initial pH levels of 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5, inoculating L. monocytogenes in monoculture, and each of the LAB strains in monoculture and in co-culture with the pathogen. Milk samples were incubated at 12ºC during 8 days to track population changes during fermentation. A pH-driven dynamic growth model was fitted to all monoculture and coculture growth curves. In monoculture, L. mesenteroides consistently exhibited the highest growth rates and maximum concentrations in milk at all initial pH levels. Similarly, in coculture, this strain more effectively controlled L. monocytogenes by reducing its growth rates (day-1) from 3.201 ± 0.045, 3.416 ± 0.177, and 3.432 ± 0.073 at initial pHs 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5, to 1.469 ± 0.205, 2.293 ± 0.284, and 1.552 ± 0.132, respectively.
Citation: Gonzales-Barron, U., Loforte, Y., & Cadavez, V. (2025). Modelling the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a Milk Model During Fermentation. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 98–102.
Mariem Ayed, Vasco Cadavez, Ursula Gonzales-Barron
SHELF-LIFE DYNAMICS OF GOAT'S MILK KEFIR: TECHNOLOGICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL, AND SENSORY EVOLUTION IN PLAIN AND FLAVORED TYPES
Abstract: Kefir is a probiotic drink that supports immunity, eases lactose intolerance, and lowers cholesterol. Goat’s milk kefir offers higher protein and better digestibility than cow’s milk. Kefir’s composition varies according to storage conditions due to ongoing microbial and biochemical activity. This study investigates the changes in physicochemical, textural, and microbiological properties of goat’s milk kefir throughout its shelf life. Both plain and flavored kefir varieties were evaluated and compared for consumer preference. After optimizing production, the physicochemical, textural, and microbiological qualities of plain and lemon-flavored kefir were monitored over two weeks at 4 °C. Linear modeling compared treatments, while a consumer panel evaluated sensory attributes and acceptability, with differences analyzed by ANOVA. Results showed that the lemon-flavored kefir maintained a lower pH (4.00), enhancing pathogen inhibition and resulting in less proteolysis, which supported better textural stability. Both kefir types achieved similar firmness and cohesiveness, but the flavored kefir demonstrated higher viscosity and consistency, positively influencing mouthfeel and consumer preference. Microbiologically, control kefir had slightly higher counts of lactic acid bacteria and mesophiles (7.7 and 7.6 log CFU/mL) compared to the flavored kefir (7.4 and 7.2 log CFU/mL). Sensory analysis showed that panelists consistently preferred the lemon-flavored kefir across most attributes. In conclusion, lemon-flavored goat’s milk kefir demonstrated superior sensory appeal and maintained favorable physicochemical and microbiological stability during refrigerated storage, highlighting its potential as a high-quality, consumer-preferred probiotic dairy product.
Citation: Ayed, M., Cadavez, V., & Gonzales-Barron, U. (2025). Shelf-Life Dynamics of Goat's Milk Kefir: Technological, Microbiological, and Sensory Evolution in Plain and Flavored Types. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 103–107.
Vesna Levkov, Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska, Natasha Gjorgovska
MACEDONIAN’S BEATEN CHEESE (BIENO SIRENJE) AS A FUNCTIONAL HERITAGE FOOD: A NUTRITIONAL, MICROBIAL AND SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE
Abstract: It is believed that its production begins from XV century by Vlachs nomad shepherds and still continues in contemporary times. According to the results of previous surveys of Beaten cheese (Bieno sirenje), the aim of this review is to (i) assess the macronutrient content of traditional Beaten cheese (Bieno sirenje), (ii) identify key indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their probiotic potential, (iii) characterize its sensory profile, and (iv) evaluate its environmental sustainability attributes. Cheese is produced traditionally in household through almost all regions in North Macedonia as well as in industrial capacities. It is semi-hard cheese with variations in yellow color and cavities with different sizes and positions, in intersections. The beaten cheese preparation technology can vary but usually have one common feature – curd churning. Macronutrient characteristics of cheese depend on milk origin, technology, geographical region and season of making. Bieno sirenje is nutritionally rich, microbiologically active, and organoleptically distinct. Its production reflects traditional knowledge, and potential as a functional heritage food. Embracing such products aligns with goals in sustainable food systems, biodiversity conservation, and rural resilience. More than a regional delicacy, Beaten cheese (Bieno sirenje) embodies a synergy of nutrition, microbiota, sensory identity, and sustainability—an artisanal food worthy of scientific recognition and gastronomic celebration. Future work should explore the sensory–microbiome interface, validate probiotic efficacy in vivo, and assess the potential of our traditional Beaten cheese for geographic indication status and functional food development.
Citation: Levkov, V., Atanasova-Pancevska, N., & Gjorgovska, N. (2025). Macedonian’s Beaten Cheese (Bieno Sirenje) as a Functional Heritage Food: A Nutritional, Microbial and Sustainability Perspective. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 108–117.
Natasha Gjorgovska, Vesna Levkov, Daniela Belichovska, Petar Petrov
FOOTPRINT OF POULTRY MANURE DURING FARM EGG PRODUCTION
Abstract: Egg production represents one of the most rapidly expanding sectors of animal agriculture worldwide, providing affordable and nutrient-dense protein to billions of people. However, this efficiency is offset by the environmental challenges associated with manure management. Manure produced by laying hens is a major source of gaseous emissions, including ammonia (NH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), each of which contributes to the environmental footprint of the poultry industry. This paper provides a short review of the environmental impacts of manure management in egg production systems, with particular focus on housing design, manure storage, and dietary strategies. Manure management alone accounts for approximately 13% of global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting its critical importance in sustainability discussions. Advances in housing systems, such as manure belt removal to closed storage, can reduce ammonia volatilization by 58–76%, while dietary interventions — such as reduced crude protein diets and inclusion of high-fiber ingredients — lower nitrogen excretion and emission rates. Methane, although limited in monogastric poultry compared to ruminants, is produced through anaerobic fermentation of manure in housing, storage, and field application. An integrated approach combining housing improvements, dietary manipulation, and innovative manure treatment technologies provides the greatest potential for emission reduction. This review emphasizes that reducing the footprint of poultry manure during egg production requires coordinated interventions at multiple stages of the production cycle in order to meet global climate change mitigation goals.
Citation: Gjorgovska, N., Levkov, V., Belichovska, D., & Petrov, P. (2025). Footprint of Poultry Manure During Farm Egg Production. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 118–122.
Даниел Петров
Daniel Petrov
РОЛЯТА НА ИНХИБИРАНИТЕ АЗОТНИ ТОРОВЕ ЗА ПОВИШАВАНЕ НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТТА НА ЗЕМЕДЕЛИЕТО В БЪЛГАРИЯ
THE ROLE OF INHIBITED NITROGEN FERTILIZERS IN ENHANCING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURE IN BULGARIA
Abstract: The present study examines the use of nitrogen fertilizers in Bulgaria in the context of sustainable agriculture and a comparative analysis with North America and the European Union for the period 2002–2022. The analysis reveals significant differences in nitrogen use efficiency, with Bulgaria demonstrating high levels of inefficiency and considerable fluctuations in the application of nitrogen fertilizers. Data is presented highlighting the need for the introduction of innovative technologies such as inhibited fertilizers, which can reduce nitrogen losses, optimize its uptake, and minimize environmental damage.
Citation: Petrov, D. (2025). The Role of Inhibited Nitrogen Fertilizers in Enhancing the Sustainability of Agriculture in Bulgaria. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 123–138.
Ivan Yanchev, Nikola Metodiev, Penka Moneva, Maya Ignatova
EFFECT OF ALTITUDE AND SEASON ON NRBC NUMBER AND PLT/MPV RATIO IN BDSP SHEEP
Abstract: The study was conducted in different sheep farms in Sofia region - village of Ravnishte /R./ (391 m a.s.l.), the experimental base of IAS-Kostinbrod /I./ (548 m a.s.l.), village of Mirkovo /M./ (715 m a.s.l.) and village of Bosnek /B./ (940 m a.s.l.) in June 2022 and March 2023. Representative samples of 24 animals were selected from the four herds of sheep (age 1.5-7.5 years) and blood samples were taken. Blood analysis was performed with a 5-Part-Diff Automated Hematology Analyzer. There are significant differences between seasons about PLT/MPV ratio in B. and I. (both at p<0.05), and about NRBC number in R. and I. (at p<0.05 and p<0.01, resp.). There are significant differences between farms about PLT/MPV ratio only in winter - B. vs. M. (p<0.05), B. vs. I. (p<0.01) and R. vs. I. (p<0.05). There are significant differences between farms about NRBC number in summer - B. vs. M. & R. (both at p<0.001), I. vs. M. & R. (both at p<0.001) and R. vs. B. and I. (both at p<0.05). We can conclude that the PLT/MPV ratio and NRBC number in BDSP sheep showed significant seasonal and inter-farm variability, reflecting adaptive responses to environmental stressors, seasonal influences were most evident in Bosnek and IAS-Kostinbrod, while NRBC increases during winter were pronounced in Ravnishte and IAS. Ours assumptions are that altitude and farm-specific management contributed jointly to hematological variability but PLT/MPV ratio and NRBC number could be practical biomarkers for assessing environmental adaptation in BDSP sheep and may be useful in flock management strategies under climate variability.
Citation: Yanchev, I., Metodiev, N., Moneva, P., & Ignatova, M. (2025). Effect of Altitude and Season on NRBC Number and PLT/MPV Ratio in BDSP Sheep. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 139–144.
Ралица Балканска, Росица Шумкова
Ralitsa Balkanska, Rositsa Shumkova
СЛОЖНАТА ХИМИЯ НА МАНОВИЯ МЕД И ПОТЕНЦИАЛНИТЕ МУ ПОЛЗИ ЗА ЗДРАВЕТО: ОБЗОР
THE COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF HONEYDEW HONEY AND POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS: A REVIEW
Abstract: Honey is a natural product that has long been known for its nutritional and medicinal properties. While the majority of honey produced worldwide is derived from the nectar of flowering plants (nectar honey), a significant portion originates from secretions of sap-sucking insects, known as honeydew honey. The present review aims to summarize contemporary scientific research on the unique physicochemical properties and complex chemical composition of honeydew honey, as well as some of its main medicinal properties. This review examines the complex chemistry of honeydew honey, highlighting its characteristically high content of phenolic compounds, unique carbohydrate profile, and distinctive physicochemical properties compared to nectar honey. Honeydew honey possesses complex biological potential, including pronounced antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Although further clinical trials are needed to fully validate its therapeutic applications, existing scientific evidence unequivocally positions honeydew honey as a valuable functional food with medicinal properties.
Citation: Balkanska, R., & Shumkova, R. (2025). The Complex Chemistry of Honeydew Honey and Potential Health Benefits: A Review. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 145–151.
Силвия Иванова, Иван Костов, Георги Ангелов, Даниела Митева, Марио Груев, Надежда Даскалова
Silviya Ivanova, Ivan Kostov, Georgi Angelov, Daniela Miteva, Mario Gruev, Nadejda Daskalova
ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ДОБАВКАТА НА МАСЛО ОТ МЕНТА ВЪРХУ КАЧЕСТВОТО НА ИЗВАРА
EFFECT OF PEPPERMINT OIL ADDITION ON THE CURD QUALITY
Abstract: The aim of the study was to conduct a study on the physicochemical and biochemical composition of cow's milk curd obtained after technological processing with the addition of peppermint essential oil in different concentrations. Six concentrations were used to determine the optimal dose of the additive. The changes were established by evaluating the organoleptic, physicochemical and fatty acid parameters and antioxidant capacity. Total fat was highest with the addition of 0.75 and 1.5% peppermint oil, protein varies slightly. Saturated fatty acids with the addition of mint essential oil in all used concentrations in curd increased compared to the control group and the lowest content was found at 1.5% addition - 73.58 g/100g fat, at the expense of a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids. The addition of mint essential oil leads to an improvement in the content of total polyphenols in the curd.
Citation: Ivanova, S., Kostov, I., Angelov, G., Miteva, D., Gruev, M., & Daskalova, N. (2025). Effect of Peppermint Oil Addition on the Curd Quality. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 152–166.
Силвия Иванова, Георги Ангелов, Иван Костов, Даниела Митева, Марио Груев, Надежда Даскалова
Silviya Ivanova, Georgi Angelov, Ivan Kostov, Daniela Miteva, Mario Gruev, Nadejda Daskalova
ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ДОБАВКАТА НА МАСЛО ОТ РОЗМАРИН ВЪРХУ КАЧЕСТВОТО НА ИЗВАРА
EFFECT OF ROSEMARY OIL ADDITION ON THE CURD QUALITY
Abstract: The aim of the study was to conduct a study on the physicochemical and biochemical composition of cow's milk curd obtained after technological processing with the addition of rosemary essential oil in different concentrations. Six concentrations were used to determine the optimal dose of the additive: 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; 2 and 2.5%. The changes were established by evaluating the organoleptic, physicochemical, fatty acid indicators and antioxidant capacity. Total fat when adding rosemary essential oil to curd decreases, with the greatest losses being established at 0.75 and 1% addition (P≤0.001). Protein decreases and the lowest content was obtained with the addition of 2.5%- 17.46%. The application of rosemary oil lowers the pH of the curd and varies within narrow limits at different concentrations. The antioxidant activity of curd with rosemary addition increases threefold when using 0.75 and 1%, while total polyphenols were highest at 2.5% - fivefold compared to the control group. The use of the additive leads to an improvement in the fatty acid composition of the curd in terms of a decrease in saturated fatty acids from 69.41 to 67.52 g/100g fat (1.5% additive) at the expense of an increase in unsaturated ones, due to the enrichment of the food product with vaccenic, oleic, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
Citation: Ivanova, S., Angelov, G., Kostov, I., Miteva, D., Gruev, M., & Daskalova, N. (2025). Effect of Rosemary Oil Addition on the Curd Quality. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 167–180.
Гергана Бачевска, Димо Димов, Елена Станчева, Тончо Пенев
Gergana Bachevska, Dimo Dimov, Elena Stancheva, Toncho Penev
ПРОУЧВАНЕ ЗАПРАШЕНОСТТА В СГРАДИ НА ГОВЕДОВЪДНИ ФЕРМИ ЗА МЛЯКО
STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN BUILDINGS OF DAIRY FARMS
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of air quality in three dairy cattle farms located in central southern Bulgaria, focusing on particulate matter PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. Cows were in free stalls and fed with a complete feed mixture. In two of the farms, the buildings are of a semi-open type (shed), and in the third farm the building is closed with doors and windows removed. Measurements were taken twice a day – in the morning at 10 a.m. and in the afternoon at 3 p.m., once a month during the summer season. The average values for PM1 in farm 1 range from 2±0.5 to 4±1.41, for farm 2 from 4±0.96 to 9±2.16 and for farm 3 from 3±0.48 to 4±0.84. The average values for PM2.5 in farm 1 ranged from 3±1 to 6±1.41, farm 2: from 6±1 to 13±3, farm 3: from 4±0 to 6±0.55. The average values for PM10 in farm 1 ranged from 3±0.5 to 6±1.89, farm 2: from 6±1 to 15±4.04, farm 3: from 4±0.48 to 6±0.55.
Citation: Bachevska, G., Dimov, D., Stancheva, E., & Penev, T. (2025). Study of Particulate Matter in Buildings of Dairy Farms. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 181–188.
Лора Мондешка, Николай Марков, Цветан Марков, Светослава Стойчева, Мирослав Христов, Цветомира Банчева
Lora Mondeshka, Nikolay Markov, Tsvetan Markov, Svetoslava Stoycheva, Miroslav Hristov, Tsvetomira Bancheva
КАЧЕСТВЕНИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ НА КОЖИ ОТ КАРАКАЧАНСКИ И ЦИГАЙСКИ АГНЕТА
QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF SKINS OF KARAKACHAN AND TSIGAI LAMBS
Abstract: The main commercial and technological qualities characterizing lamb and sheep skins are formed during the ontogenetic period and are related to the biological characteristics of the sheep as a species and to the rearing technology. The skins are likely to represent 7-13 % of the carcass weight of the lamb. The following qualitative indicators have been studied and established: pre-slaughter weight of slaughtered animals, % of skin by weight and linear parameters of raw hides obtained from lambs of different sex of the Karakachan and Tsigai breeds and their area in dm² has been calculated. The material of the study was skins of 5-month-old lambs of the breeds Karakachan and Tsigai. Seven skins were randomly selected from each study group. The weight of lambs and skins was determined using an electronic balance, with an accuracy of 0.1 kg. The size of the skins depended on the live weight, age, season, sex and breed characteristics of the animals studied. In all the quantitative indicators examined, the skins of Tsigai lambs were superior to those obtained from the Karakachan sheep.
Citation: Mondeshka, L., Markov, N., Markov, T., Stoycheva, S., Hristov, M., & Bancheva, T. (2025). Qualitative Indicators of Skins of Karakachan and Tsigai Lambs. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 189–194.
Animal breeding, genetics and reproduction
Olga Biriukova, Dmitro Basovskiy, Viktoria Vlasenko
PECULIARITIES OF GROWTH OF PUPPIES OF DIFFERENT DOG BREED GROUPS IN EARLY POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS
Abstract: The growth characteristics in the early postnatal period (from birth to 45 days) of dogs of 90 breeds were studied. Data on dogs kept in the breeding kennels of the Cynological Union of Ukraine were included in the analysis. Dog breeds were divided into 4 groups according to body weight in adulthood (large, small, medium, etc.). 255 litters of dogs (a total of 1517 puppies) were studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the growth patterns of puppies in the early postnatal period and identify interbreed characteristics. The results of the control weighing of newborn puppies were analyzed, as well as when they reached the age of 15, 30, 45 days. The relative growth rate (intensity) according to S. Brodi and the average daily gain in live weight were calculated. There is significant interbreed differentiation in terms of dog growth during the early postnatal period. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was established in terms of live weight between all experimental groups (both by age and by breed group). This characteristic is characterized by quite significant variability (Cv=54-64%). The lowest rate of increase in average daily gain was in the group of small breeds. The average daily gain in puppies slowly increases from 17.9±0.71 g (period from birth to age 15 days) to 22.2±1.21 g (period from age 30 to 45 days). The highest rate of increase in average daily gain was established in the group of large breeds. In contrast to the average daily gain during the periods of early postnatal development of puppies in different breed groups, the growth intensity gradually decreases significantly (P < 0.001). It was established that the growth intensity during the periods of early postnatal development of puppies in different breed groups gradually decreases. The rate of decrease in growth intensity in the group of small breeds is the greatest. The obtained data on the features of the early postnatal period of dogs of different breeds can be used in selection work in cynology.
Citation: Biriukova, O., Basovskiy, D., & Vlasenko, V. (2025). Peculiarities of Growth of Puppies of Different Dog Breed Groups in Early Postnatal Ontogenesis. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 196–204.
Olha Kruhliak
DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT TRAITS IN UKRAINIAN DAIRY BREEDS BY ABSORPTIVE CROSSBREEDING
Abstract: Dairy cattle breeding is the main branch of animal husbandry in Ukraine. Three specialized dairy breeds have been breed in Ukraine, using the Holstein breed (G) as an improving one. The aim of our research was to determine the influence of absorbing crossing of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy (UBWD) breed with the Holstein on the phenotypic manifestation of the main traits of milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. The research material was a database of 3468 Holstein cows of the “domestic selection” (G*), isolated by order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine from the UBWD breed population (genotype 62.5 – 93.75% G) with an increased conditional proportion of Holstein blood in their genotype of over 96.8% as a result of absorbing crossing and 4377 heads of the UBWD breed. Animals of both breeds were used in 14 breeding plants located in different regions of Ukraine. The feeding rates of cows are calculated to obtain 25-40 kg of milk per day. It was established that the milk yield of cows of both breeds ranged from 6531 to 12215 kg in herds of the G* breed and 7030-11800 kg of the UBWD breed and was determined, to a greater extent, by the level of feeding and management that developed in each farm than by an increase in the level of conditional blood fraction for the Holstein breed. The average milk yield of cows, classified as G* breed, for 305 days of the first lactation was 8605 ± 330.1 kg and exceeded the contemporaries of the UBWD breed by 54 kg, and the amount of milk fat in the milk of cows of the G* breed was 322.3 ± 9.55 kg and exceeded the contemporaries of the UBWD breed by 1.1 kg.
Citation: Kruhliak, O. (2025). Development of Economically Important Traits in Ukrainian Dairy Breeds by Absorptive Crossbreeding. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 205–210.
Nina Bradu, Grigore Darie, Irina Djenjera, Doina Cemurtan, Natalia Matveenco
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SPERMOGRAM PARAMETERS IN TSIGAI AND ASSAF RAMS UNDER CRYOPRESERVATION CONDITIONS
Abstract: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of spermogram parameters in Tsigai and Assaf rams, with a focus on their preservation under cryopreservation conditions. The research was designed to identify breed-related differences in quantitative and qualitative sperm characteristics and to determine sperm cryoresistance as a key factor of reproductive potential. Classical spermatological methods were applied to assess ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total and progressive motility, as well as kinetic parameters (VAP, VSL, VCL). In addition, dynamic changes of spermatozoa were evaluated at the stages of dilution, cooling, freezing, and thawing, following standard cryopreservation protocols. The results demonstrated that Assaf rams significantly outperformed Tsigai rams in ejaculate volume (0,9±0,1 milliliters compared to 0,5±0,1 milliliters), sperm concentration (2,2±0,1 compared to 1,8±0,1 billion per milliliter; P≤0,05), and motility levels (85,9±0,6 percent compared to 81,3±1,1 percent; P≤0,01). After thawing, a reduction in motility was observed in both breeds; however, the proportion of progressively motile spermatozoa was higher in Assaf rams (33,7±1,0 percent compared to 27,9±0,7 percent; P≤0,001), indicating superior cryoresistance. These findings confirm that the Assaf breed exhibits greater reproductive potential and higher sperm resistance to ultra-low temperature exposure, which has practical importance for artificial insemination and sheep breeding programs.
Citation: Bradu, N., Darie, G., Djenjera, I., Cemurtan, D., & Matveenco, N. (2025). Comparative Evaluation of Spermogram Parameters in Tsigai and Assaf Rams Under Cryopreservation Conditions. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 211–219.
Денис Вирянски, Милена Божилова-Сакова, Мая Игнатова
Denis Viryanski, Milena Bozhilova-Sakova, Maya Ignatova
АНАЛИЗИРАНЕ МЕТОДИТЕ НА РАЗПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ И ПОТЕНЦИАЛНA РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТ НА ИНФЕКЦИОЗНИ ТИПОВЕ ПРИОНОВИ ПРОТЕИНИ ПРИ ЗАЙЦИ И ДРУГИ СЕЛСКОСТОПАНСКИ ЖИВОТНИ, КАКТО И ТЯХНОТО РЕГУЛИРАНЕ
ANALYZING THE METHODS OF SPREADING AND POTENTIAL RESISTANCE OF INFECTIOUS TYPES PRION PROTEINS, AS WELL AS ТHEIR MANAGEMENT IN RABBITS AND ОTHER FARM ANIMALS
Abstract: Prion studies include a wide range of techniques designed to elucidate the structural, biochemical, and pathological aspects of these infectious proteins. Studies involving their structure are fundamental to understanding the structure of the normal prion protein (PrPC) and its infectious form (PrPSc). Techniques such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) reveal detailed models of PrPC and PrPSc aggregates, while NMR spectroscopy studies the structure of PrPC and its ligand interactions. Computational modeling complements these experimental methods, predicting structures and simulating molecular dynamics to study the processes of formation and misfolding. Mixed approaches combining experimental data with computational techniques provide a comprehensive view of the structure and mechanism of action of prions. Biochemical and diagnostic methods are important in the detection and analysis of prion proteins. Techniques such as protein misfolding cycle amplification (PMCA) and real-time shake-up conversion (RT-QuIC) allow amplification and detection of very small amounts of PrPSc, mimicking the misfolding process in vitro. Diagnostic tools, including ELISA and histopathological studies, provide additional ways to detect prions and assess their effects on tissues, such as amyloid plaque formation and spongiform changes in the brain. Animal and in vitro models are most commonly used to study prion transmission and disease progression.
Citation: Viryanski, D., Bozhilova-Sakova, M., & Ignatova, M. (2025). Analyzing the Methods of Spreading and Potential Resistance of Infectious Types Prion Proteins, as Well as Тheir Management in Rabbits and Оther Farm Animals. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 220–233.
Zhivko Duchev, Yanka Mihailova, Georgi Yordanov
STATUS OF GENETIC RESOURCES IN CATTLE BREEDING IN BULGARIA
Abstract: This study examines the current state, recent population dynamics, and ex situ in vitro conservation of cattle genetic resources in Bulgaria. Bulgarian cattle breeding is characterized by a long historical tradition, with native breeds playing an important cultural, ecological, and adaptive role, alongside a growing presence of high-performance international breeds. Data from national breeding society registers, FAO’s DAD-IS database, and the collections of the National Gene Bank (NGB) and National Genetic Reserve (NGR) were analyzed for the period 2015–2025. Results show a dual development trajectory: while imported dairy and beef breeds such as Black and White, Aberdeen Angus, and Limousin maintain or expand their dominance in commercial systems, native breeds—including Bulgarian Grey Cattle, Bulgarian Rhodope Cattle, Iskar Cattle, and Rhodope Shorthorn Cattle—demonstrate strong and sustained population growth, in some cases quadrupling over the study period. These trends reflect the combined impact of targeted breeding programs, institutional support, and increasing farmer interest in resilient, locally adapted cattle suitable for low-input systems. Ex situ conservation efforts reveal substantial genetic material stored for major international breeds, whereas several native breeds still lack the recommended minimum number of unrelated donors for long-term security. Despite progress, further strengthening of cryopreservation, especially for critically endangered local breeds such as Bulgarian Red Cattle and Bulgarian Grey Cattle, is needed to ensure future breed reconstitution capacity. Overall, Bulgaria’s cattle genetic landscape illustrates a balance between economic productivity and biodiversity conservation, aligning with national priorities and European strategies for sustainable livestock development.
Citation: Duchev, Z., Mihailova, Y., & Yordanov, G. (2025). Status of Genetic Resources in Cattle Breeding in Bulgaria. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 234–240.
Никола Методиев, Тодор Цонев, Георги Анев
Nikola Metodiev, Todor Tsonev, Georgi Anev
СИНХРОНИЗИРАНЕ НА ЗАПЛОЖДАНЕТО ПРИ ОВЦЕ ОТ СЕВЕРОИЗТОЧНО БЪЛГАРСКА ТЪНКОРУННА ПОРОДА – ШУМЕНСКИ ТИП СЛЕД ПРИЛАГAНЕ НА СИНТЕТИЧЕН ПРОГЕСТАГЕН ЗА 12 ДНИ И РАЗЛИЧНИ ПОСЛЕДВАЩИ ТРЕТИРАНИЯ С GNRH АНАЛОГ
SYNCHRONIZATION OF FERTILITY IN SHEEP OF THE NORTHEASTERN BULGARIAN FINE-FLEECED BREED – SHUMEN TYPE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF SYNTHETIC PROGESTOGEN FOR 12 DAYS AND VARIOUS SUBSEQUENT TREATMENTS WITH GNRH ANALOGUE
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to induce synchronization of fertility in sheep of the Northeastern Bulgarian fine-fleeced breed – Shumen type, after application of synthetic progestogen for 12 days and various subsequent treatments with GnRH analogue. The experiment was conducted in June, 2024, with 36 ewes aged 2-5 years of the Northeastern Bulgarian fine-fleeced breed – Shumen type, bred at the Scientific Center for Agriculture – Targovishte. All animals included in the study were treated with vaginal sponges for 12 days / 60 mg MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate), and the separate groups were formed on the basis of subsequent treatment with GnRH analogue (busorelin acetate 0.004 mg). Group I - i.m. treatment with GnRH analogue 24 hours after removing the sponges, Group II – GnRH analogue with GnRH analogue at 48 hours after sponge removal. Group III – no treatment. Artificial insemination was performed at fixed time as all sheep were inseminated without being tested for the presence of estrus at 48 and 72 hours after sponge removal. Fertility and fecundity were recorded after the end of the lambing campaign. In the present study, low and unsatisfactory fertility values were obtained for all studied groups – group I and group III – 16.66% and 0% for group II). Fecundity values were also the same – 100.0%. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that treatment with GnRH analogue after cessation of the action of the progestogen source cannot be an alternative to treatment with PMSG in sheep of the Northeastern Bulgarian fine-fleeced breed – Shumen type for inducing synchronization in fertility.
Citation: Metodiev, N., Tsonev, T., & Anev, G. (2025). Synchronization of Fertility in Sheep of the Northeastern Bulgarian Fine-Fleeced Breed – Shumen Type After Administration of Synthetic Progestogen for 12 Days and Various Subsequent Treatments with GnRH Analogue. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 241–246.
Таня Иванова
Tanya Ivanova
ЕФЕКТ НА СТОПАНСКАТА ГОДИНА ВЪРХУ ПЛОДОВИТОСТТА ПРИ БРЕЗНИШКАТА ПОРОДА ОВЦЕ
EFFECT OF THE FARMING YEAR ON THE FERTILITY OF BREZNIK SHEEP BREED
Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the fertility of Breznik Sheep Breed over a period of 10 years. The study was conducted with 3445 ewes from 18 flocks of the breed in 2015-2024, which are under the selection control of the "Association for Breeding Breznik Sheep Breed". Biological fertility was established as the ratio of the number of live-born, stillborn and aborted lambs to the number of lambed ewes. The information was processed using the methods of variational statistics. The effect of the year on fertility was established using the ANOVA model of the one-way analysis of variance, the reliability of the factor's influence was determined using the values of Fisher's F-criterion, and the reliability of the differences between the studied groups was determined using the Student's t-test, with the statistical package Data Analysis, Excel 2021, Microsoft. No reliable influence of the farming year on fertility was established in the Breznik Sheep Breed. The average values of the trait are between 104.1% and 106.9%. The breed shows potential for higher fertility (121.1% and 122.6%), which can be used, carefully without exerting an increased selection pressure, in future selection activities.
Citation: Ivanova, T. (2025). Effect of the Farming Year on the Fertility of Breznik Sheep Breed. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 247–251.
Иван Механджийски, Цонка Оджакова
Ivan Мehаndjiiski, Tsonka Odjakova
МОНИТОРИНГ И ТЕНДЕНЦИЯ НА РАЗВИТИЕ НА КЪСОРОГО РОДОПСКО ГОВЕДО
MONITORING AND ТRENDS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RHODOPE SHORTHORN CATTLE
Abstract: The aim of the study is to analyze, assess and determine the dynamics and trends of development of the Short-horned Rhodope cattle controlled by the "Breeding Association of Bulgarian Cattle Breeds - Rhodope Short-horned, Bulgarian Rhodope, Iskar". Information from the herd books of the controlled part of the population and the reports of "RABPG - Rhodope Short-horned, Bulgarian Rhodope, Iskar" was used. An analysis was made of the size, geographical distribution, dynamics of the number of controlled animals, reproduction capabilities, age structure of the breed. The association carries out selection and control on 3367 cattle. The largest share is on farms with herd sizes between 50 and 100 animals. Controlled sheep are raised in 45 farms in 4 districts in the mountainous and foothill regions of Southern Bulgaria.
Citation: Мehаndjiiski, I., & Odjakova, T. (2025). Monitoring and Тrends for Development of Rhodope Shorthorn Cattle. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 252–258.
Breeding technologies. Agrarian economics
Антон Митов
Anton Mitov
СЪЩНОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ НА БИОИКОНОМИКАТА В СЕЛСКОТО СТОПАНСТВО В БЪЛГАРИЯ
NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIOECONOMY IN AGRICULTURE IN BULGARIA
Abstract: The concept of bioeconomy has emerged as a key strategic approach for achieving sustainable development, particularly in agriculture. The present study analyzes the nature, evolution, and current state of the bioeconomy in Bulgaria. Special attention is given to the integration of biological resources, innovation, and circular economy principles in agricultural practices. The research highlights the role of policy frameworks and technological advancements in promoting sustainable agricultural production. The results indicate that Bulgaria has significant potential for bioeconomy development, but further efforts are needed to improve coordination, investment, and knowledge transfer.
Citation: Mitov, A. (2025). Nature and Development of the Bioeconomy in Agriculture in Bulgaria. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 260–274.
Антон Митов
Anton Mitov
ТЕОРЕТИЧНИ ОСНОВИ НА БИОИКОНОМИКАТА. ОСНОВНИ ПРИНЦИПИ
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE BIOECONOMY. BASIC PRINCIPLES
Abstract: The bioeconomy is based on the sustainable use of biological resources for the production of food, energy, and industrial products. This study examines the theoretical foundations of the bioeconomy and outlines its main principles, including sustainability, circularity, and innovation. The analysis focuses on the role of biotechnology, renewable resources, and ecosystem services. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating economic, environmental, and social dimensions in the development of bioeconomy strategies.
Citation: Mitov, A. (2025). Theoretical Foundations of the Bioeconomy. Basic Principles. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 275–290.
Пламен Христов
Plamen Hristov
КАСЕТЪЧНА КЛЕТКА ЗА ГРУПОВО ИЗОЛИРАНЕ, ЛЮПЕНЕ И СЪХРАНЯВАНЕ НА ПЧЕЛНИ МАЙКИ
CASSETTE CAGE FOR GROUP ISOLATION, HATCHING AND STORAGE OF QUEEN BEES
Abstract: The study presents the design and application of a cassette cage for group isolation, hatching, and storage of queen bees. The system allows improved control over breeding processes and enhances efficiency in beekeeping practices. Experimental results demonstrate better survival rates and improved handling conditions compared to traditional methods. The proposed solution contributes to modernizing beekeeping technologies.
Citation: Hristov, P. (2025). Cassette Cage for Group Isolation, Hatching and Storage of Queen Bees. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 291–297.
Лидия Колбина, Пламен Христов
Lidia Kolbina, Plamen Hristov
АНАЛИЗ НА УДМУРТСКИ И БЪЛГАРСКИ МЕДОВЕ
ANALYSIS OF UDMURT AND BULGARIAN HONEY
Abstract: The study compares physicochemical and biochemical properties of Udmurt and Bulgarian honey. Key quality indicators such as moisture content, acidity, sugar composition, and enzyme activity were analyzed. The results reveal differences related to botanical origin and environmental conditions. The findings contribute to better characterization and quality control of honey products.
Citation: Kolbina, L., & Hristov, P. (2025). Analysis of Udmurt and Bulgarian Honey. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 298–301.
Daniel Petrov
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A TRANSFORMATIVE INSTRUMENT OF THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY: A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE AND TRANSPARENT GOVERNANCE
Abstract: This study explores the role of artificial intelligence as a transformative instrument within the framework of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. A theoretical model is proposed for enhancing sustainability, transparency, and efficiency in agricultural governance. The analysis highlights the potential of AI-driven decision-making tools to improve policy implementation, monitoring, and resource allocation. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating digital technologies into agricultural systems to achieve long-term sustainability goals.
Citation: Petrov, D. (2025). Artificial Intelligence as a Transformative Instrument of the EU Common Agricultural Policy: A Theoretical Model for Sustainable and Transparent Governance. Proceedings of Scientific Conference with International Participation „Animal Science - Challenges and Innovations”, 5-7 November 2025, Institute of Animal Science – Kostinbrod, Sofia, Bulgaria, ISSN 3033-2729 (Print), ISSN 3033-2737 (Online), pp. 302–311